Option Definitions

Introduction

Welcome to our in-depth guide to understanding options trading. Whether you're a beginner or experienced trader, our resource will help you gain clarity on this complex financial instrument.

What Are Options

Options are financial derivatives that provide traders with the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price, known as the strike price. There are two main types of options: calls and puts.

Calls/Puts

Call options give the holder the right to buy an underlying asset, while put options provide the right to sell an underlying asset. These contracts give traders the flexibility to profit from both rising and falling markets.

Options Chain

An options chain is a listing of all available option contracts, both puts and calls, for a given underlying security. It's a crucial tool that helps traders understand market sentiment and make informed decisions.

In-the-Money (ITM), At-the-Money (ATM), and Out-of-the-Money (OTM) Options

ITM options have intrinsic value because their strike prices are favorable compared to the market price of the underlying asset. ATM options have strike prices equal to the current market price. OTM options, on the other hand, would lead to unfavorable trades if exercised, and their value is solely based on time and volatility.

Option Premium

The option premium is the price paid by the buyer to the seller for the rights conveyed by the option contract. It's determined by factors such as the strike price, time remaining until expiration, volatility of the underlying asset, and market interest rates.

Bid/Ask Spread

The bid/ask spread is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for an asset (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept (ask). It's an important factor to consider as it affects the entry and exit price of your options trade.

Volume and Open Interest

Volume refers to the number of options contracts traded in a day, while open interest is the number of active contracts in the market. Both are important indicators of market liquidity and trader sentiment.

Options Leverage

Options offer leverage, allowing traders to control large amounts of an underlying asset with a relatively small investment. This amplifies potential profits but also increases risk.

Option Expiration, Buy To Open (BTO), Sell To Open (STO), Buy To Close (BTC), Sell To Close (STC)

Option expiration is the date when the contract becomes void. When initiating a new position, traders use BTO(buy to open) and STO(sell to open). To exit a position, traders use BTC(buy to close) and STC(sell to close). Understanding these operations is vital for managing risk and planning trades.

It's extremely important to understand the difference between buying and selling options. When you purchase options, you have the right, but not the obligation to do something(buy or sell the underlying). When you sell options, you are obligated to deliver the underlying position.

Intrinsic Value and Time Value

Intrinsic value refers to the amount an option is ITM, while time value is the premium that investors are willing to pay for the possibility that the option could move ITM before expiration.

Option Exercise and Assignment

Option exercise is the act of using the right to buy or sell the underlying asset, while assignment is the obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract when an option is exercised.

Underlying Assets

Underlying assets in options trading can include stocks, ETFs, indexes, commodities, and more. The value of an option is directly linked to the price movements of its underlying asset.

Option Greeks

The "Greeks" refer to measures of risk in options trading: Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, and Rho. They help traders assess how sensitive an option is to various market factors.

Volatility

Volatility measures the degree of variation in the price of a financial instrument over time. In options trading, there are two types: implied and historical volatility.

Implied Volatility

Implied Volatility (IV) is a measure of expected future volatility. It's derived from the market price of an option and often increases when the market is bearish.

Historical Volatility

Historical Volatility (HV) measures the past price movements of the underlying asset. It helps traders understand how volatile an asset has been, which can assist in making future predictions.

Conclusion

With this comprehensive guide, you should have a clear understanding of options trading. Remember, knowledge is power – the more you understand these terms, the better your trading decisions will be.